Preliminary Study on Non-host Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorium in Gramineae Plants
Preliminary Study on Non-host Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorium in Gramineae Plants
核盘菌是普遍存在的坏死性真菌病原，能够侵染75科408种植物。在寄主植物中尚未发现免疫种或单基因抗性，包括十字花科。然而在禾本科等非寄主植物中该病菌是不致病的或弱致病的。为研究非寄主抗性机制，我们用该病菌接种了竹子、小麦、玉米和油菜。接种后24 h，这些植物对病菌的反应是不同的，竹子和玉米上无病斑，小麦上有小的病斑，但不同品种有变化，而油菜上产生了大的病斑。扫描电子显微镜研究表明，接种的竹子叶表面形成了一层膜，但在光学镜下菌丝穿透进入了上表皮细胞。菌丝进入竹子和油菜叶表皮细胞的方式是不同的。在油菜上菌丝很快进入上表皮细胞和细胞间隙，但竹子中菌丝仅限于上表皮和叶肉细胞。我们推定禾本科植物叶表面物质和细胞壁成分可能是阻止菌丝进入细胞的重要障碍。需要进一步分析这些成分。
Sclerotinia sclerotiorium(Lib.)de Bary is a ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen capable of infecting at least 408 plant species of 75 families.No highly resistant varieties or germplasm is found in hosts including Cruciferae plants.On non-host plants such as some Gramineae species,however,the pathogen is avirulent or weak virulent.To understand how these non-hosts resist the pathogen,we inoculated S.sclerotinia mycelium to the leaves of bamboo,wheat,maize and oilseed rape as well.There were different responses in these plants after 24 hpi(hours post inoculation).No lesion was found on bamboo and maize leaves.Small lesions were observed on wheat,but the lesion size varied among different cultivars.Larger lesions were observed on oilseed rape leaves than any other Gramineaes at earlier time after inoculation.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)study showed clearly that inoculated bamboo leaf formed a layer of membrane on the leaf surface,but the slides under a light microscope unveiled hyphae penetration into the epidermal cells.The modes that hyphae grew into the leaves were also different between bamboo and oilseed rape.The hyphal growthfast under the oilseed rape epidermal and in the intercellular space,but in bamboo the growth was limited in the epidermis and mesophyll cells.We assumed that surface substance and cell wall composition are important obstacles of the hyphal penetration in non-host Gramineae plants.Further work needs to be done to analyze these compounds in comparison with oilseed rape.
